il 33  (Shanghai Korain Biotech Co Ltd)

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-33 was upregulated and positively correlated with NET formation in renal transplant patients. ( A ) Paired analysis of serum IL-33 levels, ( B ) paired analysis of serum MPO-DNA levels, ( C ) paired analysis of serum citH3 levels in renal transplant patients preoperatively and postoperatively ( n = 20). ( D ) Correlation analysis for postoperative serum IL-33 level and serum MPO-DNA level (Spearman r = 0.6892, P = 0.0008). ( E ) Correlation analysis of postoperative serum IL-33 level and serum citH3 level (Spearman r = 0.6486, P = 0.002). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques:

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-33 and NETs were elevated following renal I/R in mice. ( A - B ) Serum IL-33 levels ( A ) and renal tissue homogenate IL-33 levels ( B ) after renal I/R ( n = 6). ( C - D ) Representative blots ( C ) and statistical analysis ( D ) of IL-33 protein expression levels in renal tissues after I/R ( n = 6). ( E - F ) Representative images ( E ) and statistical analysis ( F ) of IL-33 immunohistochemistry in renal tissues after I/R ( n = 6). Scale bar was 50 μm. ( G - H ) IL-33 expression and distribution among the groups (blue staining indicate DAPI for nuclei), IL-33 (red) and CD31 (green) ( n = 6). Scale bar was 50 μm. (I-J) Serum MPO-DNA (I) and citH3 levels ( J ) following renal I/R ( n = 6). ( K - L ) Representative blots ( K ) and statistical analysis ( L ) of citH3 protein expression levels in renal tissues after I/R ( n = 6). ( M - N ) NET formation in in the indicated groups (blue indicate DAPI staining), MPO (red) and citH3 (green) ( n = 6). Scale bar was 20 μm. ns no significance, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-33 promoted NET generation during renal IRI. ( A ) A diagram showing WT mice receiving renal IRI or sham surgery following intraperitoneal injection of rIL-33 (10 µg per mouse) or vehicle (PBS). ( B - C ) Serum MPO-DNA ( B ) and citH3 levels ( C ) of mice in each group ( n = 6). ( D - E ) Representative blots ( D ) and statistical analyses ( E ) of citH3 protein expression levels in renal tissues in the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( F - G ) NET formation in the indicated groups through DAPI staining (blue), MPO (red) and citH3 (green) ( n = 6). Scale bar was 20 μm. ( H - I ) Serum Cr ( H ) and BUN levels ( I ) in the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( J - K ) Representative blots ( J ) and statistical analysis ( K ) of KIM-1 protein expression levels in renal tissues in the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( L - N ) Renal tissues from mice in the indicated groups stained with HE and KIM-1 ( L ), followed by score of tubular injury ( M ) and quantitative analysis of KIM-1 ( N ) ( n = 6). Scale bar was 50 μm. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques: Injection, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-33 exacerbated renal IRI by inducing NET formation. ( A ) A diagram showing the time node of intraperitoneal injection of GSK484 (4 mg/kg) and rIL-33 (10 µg per mouse) in WT mice before renal I/R. (B-C) Serum MPO-DNA ( B ) and citH3 levels ( C ) in the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( D - E ) Representative blots ( D ) and statistical analysis ( E ) of citH3 expression levels in renal tissues of the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( F - G ) NET formation in the indicated groups as determined using the DAPI (blue), MPO (red) and citH3 (green) staining ( n = 6). Scale bar was 20 μm. ( H - I ) Serum Cr ( H ) and BUN levels ( I ) in the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( J - K ) Representative blots ( J ) and statistical analysis ( K ) of KIM-1 protein expression levels in renal tissues from the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( L - N ) Renal tissues of mice in the indicated groups stained with HE and KIM-1 ( L ), followed by score of tubular injury ( M ) and quantitative analysis of KIM-1 ( N ) ( n = 6). Scale bar was 50 μm. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques: Injection, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blocking IL-33 improved renal IRI by reducing NET formation. ( A ) The diagram of WT mice receiving renal IRI or sham surgery after intraperitoneal injection of anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody (Anti-IL-33) (10 µg per ounce) or vehicle (IgG2b Isotype Control). ( B - C ) Serum MPO-DNA ( B ) and citH3 levels ( C ) of mice in the indicated groups ( n = 6). (D-E) Representative blots ( D ) and statistical analysis ( E ) of citH3 protein expression levels in renal tissues in the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( F - G ) NET formation in the indicated groups following DAPI (blue), MPO (red) and citH3 (green) staining ( n = 6). Scale bar was 20 μm. ( H - I ) Serum Cr ( H ) and BUN levels ( I ) in the indicated group ( n = 6). ( J - K ) Representative blots ( J ) and statistical analysis ( K ) of KIM-1 protein expression levels in renal tissues in the indicated groups ( n = 6). ( L - N ) Renal tissues of mice in the indicated groups subjected to HE and KIM-1 staining ( L ), followed by score of tubular injury ( M ) and statistical analysis of KIM-1 ( N ) ( n = 6). Scale bar was 50 μm. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Injection, Control, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-33 stimulated NET generation in vitro. ( A - B ) Neutrophils incubated with PBS, PMA (100nM) and various concentrations of rIL-33 (20, 60, 100 ng/mL) for 4 h. rIL-33 stimulation increased MPO-DNA ( A ) and citH3 levels ( B ) in the neutrophil culture medium in a dose-dependent manner relative to the PBS group ( n = 3). ( C - D ) Relative to the PBS group, rIL-33 activated neutrophils to increase citH3 protein in a dose-dependent manner ( n = 3). ( E ) Compared with the PBS group, rIL-33 increased the expression of ST2 mRNA on neutrophils ( n = 3). ( F ) Representative scanning electron microscopy graphs of neutrophils treated with PBS or rIL-33 (100ng/mL) for 4 h. Scale bar was 10 μm. ( G ) The NET formation as indicated by DAPI (blue), MPO (red) and citH3 (green) staining, was comparable between rIL-33 (100ng/mL) and PMA group. Scale bar was 50 μm. ns no significance, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Expressing, Electron Microscopy, Staining

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-33 induced NET formation via ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 signaling pathways. Mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils were treated with PBS or rIL-33 (100ng/mL) for 4 h, followed by RNA sequencing ( n = 3). ( A - B ) Volcano plot ( A ) and heatmap ( B ) showing differential gene expression between PBS and rIL-33 groups. ( C ) GO enrichment analysis of DEGs. ( D ) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs. Bone marrow-derived neutrophils from WT and ST2 KO mice were treated with PBS or rIL-33 (100ng/mL) for 4 h. The production of MPO-DNA ( E ) and citH3 ( F ) in the cell culture medium of ST2 KO neutrophils treated with IL-33 was markedly decreased relative to the IL-33-treated WT neutrophils ( n = 3). ( G ) Confocal microscopy was conducted to examine NET formation (co-localization of DAPI, MPO and citH3) in each group. ( H - I ) The expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt and citH3 in WT and ST2 KO neutrophils stimulated by rIL-33 as determined by Western blot ( n = 3). ( J - K ) WT neutrophils were treated with 10µM LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or 10µM MK2206 (Akt inhibitor) for 24 h, and 100ng/mL rIL-33 was added on the 20th h to stimulate WT neutrophils for 4 h. The expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt and citH3 in neutrophils was determined by Western blot ( n = 3). ( L ) Gene expression of Padi1, Padi2, Padi4 and Padi6 in neutrophils stimulated with rIL-33 ( n = 3). The gene expression data were expressed as log 2 (FPKM + 1). ( M - N ) PAD4 protein expression levels and quantitative analysis in WT and ST2 KO neutrophils treated with rIL-33 were quantified by Western blots ( n = 3). ( O - P ) WT neutrophils were pretreated with GSK484 (PAD4 inhibitor) for 30 min after treatment with 100ng/mL rIL-33 for 4 h. The protein expression of citH3 in neutrophils was determined by Western blot ( n = 3). ns no significance, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Derivative Assay, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Cell Culture, Confocal Microscopy, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Inflammation

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10753-025-02364-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of the mechanism by which IL-33 exacerbated renal IRI by enhancing NET formation during renal I/R

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) (10ug per mouse, MedChemExpress, America) or PBS immediately following exposure to renal ischemia.

Techniques:

Journal: Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)

Article Title: CCL5 deficiency aggravates acute DSS-induced colitis by restricting IL-33-induced formation of Tregs in intestinal tract

doi: 10.1042/CS20256734

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of the level of IL-33 in colon explant cultures at the indicated time points (days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) during the 7-day dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) treatment in wildtype (WT) and CCL5 knockout ( Ccl5 -KO) mice ( n = 6 per group). ( B ) Immunoblotting of IL-33 and ST2 in intestinal epithelial cells of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration. ( C ) Immunoblotting of NF-κB ( P65 ) related pathway in intestinal epithelium of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration. ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining for P65 (red) in colonic sections of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration; DNA (DAPI, blue); scale bars, 50 μm. White arrows indicate P65-positive cells with nuclear translocation. ( E ) Immunoblotting of PI3K/Akt pathway in intestinal epithelium of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration. ( F ) ELISA analysis of IL-33 levels in colon explant cultures of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice at the indicated time points (days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) during 7-day DSS treatment with CCL5 small protein interventions ( n = 6 per group). ( G ) Colon length measurements on day 12 in Ccl5 -KO mice treated with different drug groups (control, CCL5 small protein, CCL5 small protein + BAY 11-7082, CCL5 small protein + Capivasertib); n = 6 per group. ( H ) Recording of DAI different time points ( D0, D3, D6, D9, D12 ) in different drug treatment groups during the treatment period. ( I ) Immunoblot analysis of corresponding protein levels in the intestinal epithelial tissues of Ccl5 -KO mice after treatment with different drug groups. ( J ) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of P65-positive (red) cells in the intestines of Ccl5 -KO mice treated with different drug groups (control, CCL5 small protein, CCL5 small protein + Capivasertib); DNA (DAPI, blue), scale bars, 50 μm. White arrows indicate P65-positive cells with nuclear translocation. Results shown are the mean ± SEM (ns, nonsignificant; * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001) of triplicate determination from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: To assess the role of IL-33 [ ], recombinant IL-33 (10 ng/μl, Soluble, Mouse, Recombinant, HY-P7218, MCE) was intraperitoneally injected daily at a dose of 100 μL (10 ng/μL) following 7 days of DSS treatment. rIL-33 was administered intraperitoneally at the aforementioned dosage daily from the onset of DSS induction.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Knock-Out, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Translocation Assay, Control

Journal: Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)

Article Title: CCL5 deficiency aggravates acute DSS-induced colitis by restricting IL-33-induced formation of Tregs in intestinal tract

doi: 10.1042/CS20256734

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Immunoblotting of IL-33, ST2, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), and JAK1/STAT5 signaling in intestinal CD4 + T cells of wildtype (WT) and CCL5 knockout ( Ccl5 -KO) mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) administration. ( B and C ) Mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of rIL-33 protein (10 ng/µL) at the onset of the DSS regimen. The intraperitoneal administration of different therapeutic agents continued for an additional 4 days after 7-day DSS treatment. Subsequently, the mice were killed, and the affected intestinal tissues were analyzed. Disease activity index (DAI) ( B ) and colon length ( C ) were monitored, n = 6 per group. ( D and E ) Representative H&E staining ( D ) of colon sections in mice from different treated groups (scale bars, 50 μm). Histological score ( E ) was quantified. ( F and G ) Representative FOXP3 staining of distal colon sections from rescued DSS-treated mice with indicated genotypes after 8-day rIL-33/PBS treatment ( F ; scale bars, 20 μm) and quantitative analysis ( G , n = 50). ( H and I ) Flow cytometric plots ( H ) of FOXP3 + CD4 + T cell population in intestines from rescued DSS-treated mice with indicated genotypes after 8-day rIL-33/PBS treatment and quantitative analysis ( I , n = 6). ( J ) Immunoblotting of FOXP3 and JAK1/STAT5 signaling in intestinal CD4 + T cells, respectively, from rescued DSS-treated mice with indicated genotypes after 8-day rIL-33/PBS treatment. The results are shown as the mean ± SEM (ns, nonsignificant; * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001) of triplicate determination from three independent experiments, with statistical significance assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: To assess the role of IL-33 [ ], recombinant IL-33 (10 ng/μl, Soluble, Mouse, Recombinant, HY-P7218, MCE) was intraperitoneally injected daily at a dose of 100 μL (10 ng/μL) following 7 days of DSS treatment. rIL-33 was administered intraperitoneally at the aforementioned dosage daily from the onset of DSS induction.

Techniques: Western Blot, Knock-Out, Activity Assay, Staining

Journal: Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)

Article Title: CCL5 deficiency aggravates acute DSS-induced colitis by restricting IL-33-induced formation of Tregs in intestinal tract

doi: 10.1042/CS20256734

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of the level of IL-33 in colon explant cultures at the indicated time points (days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) during the 7-day dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) treatment in wildtype (WT) and CCL5 knockout ( Ccl5 -KO) mice ( n = 6 per group). ( B ) Immunoblotting of IL-33 and ST2 in intestinal epithelial cells of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration. ( C ) Immunoblotting of NF-κB ( P65 ) related pathway in intestinal epithelium of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration. ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining for P65 (red) in colonic sections of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration; DNA (DAPI, blue); scale bars, 50 μm. White arrows indicate P65-positive cells with nuclear translocation. ( E ) Immunoblotting of PI3K/Akt pathway in intestinal epithelium of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% DSS administration. ( F ) ELISA analysis of IL-33 levels in colon explant cultures of WT and Ccl5 -KO mice at the indicated time points (days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) during 7-day DSS treatment with CCL5 small protein interventions ( n = 6 per group). ( G ) Colon length measurements on day 12 in Ccl5 -KO mice treated with different drug groups (control, CCL5 small protein, CCL5 small protein + BAY 11-7082, CCL5 small protein + Capivasertib); n = 6 per group. ( H ) Recording of DAI different time points ( D0, D3, D6, D9, D12 ) in different drug treatment groups during the treatment period. ( I ) Immunoblot analysis of corresponding protein levels in the intestinal epithelial tissues of Ccl5 -KO mice after treatment with different drug groups. ( J ) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of P65-positive (red) cells in the intestines of Ccl5 -KO mice treated with different drug groups (control, CCL5 small protein, CCL5 small protein + Capivasertib); DNA (DAPI, blue), scale bars, 50 μm. White arrows indicate P65-positive cells with nuclear translocation. Results shown are the mean ± SEM (ns, nonsignificant; * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001) of triplicate determination from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: To further investigate the role of IL-33 in regulating the downstream JAK1/STAT5 signaling pathway and its impact on Treg formation, we intraperitoneally injected 100 μL of recombinant IL-33 protein (rIL-33, HY-P7218, MCE, 10 ng/μL) into both WT and Ccl5 -KO mice daily for 7 days following 2.5% DSS induction, as previous results indicated that IL-33 levels primarily differed on day 4 ( ).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Knock-Out, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Translocation Assay, Control

Journal: Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)

Article Title: CCL5 deficiency aggravates acute DSS-induced colitis by restricting IL-33-induced formation of Tregs in intestinal tract

doi: 10.1042/CS20256734

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Immunoblotting of IL-33, ST2, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), and JAK1/STAT5 signaling in intestinal CD4 + T cells of wildtype (WT) and CCL5 knockout ( Ccl5 -KO) mice 4 days after 7-day 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) administration. ( B and C ) Mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of rIL-33 protein (10 ng/µL) at the onset of the DSS regimen. The intraperitoneal administration of different therapeutic agents continued for an additional 4 days after 7-day DSS treatment. Subsequently, the mice were killed, and the affected intestinal tissues were analyzed. Disease activity index (DAI) ( B ) and colon length ( C ) were monitored, n = 6 per group. ( D and E ) Representative H&E staining ( D ) of colon sections in mice from different treated groups (scale bars, 50 μm). Histological score ( E ) was quantified. ( F and G ) Representative FOXP3 staining of distal colon sections from rescued DSS-treated mice with indicated genotypes after 8-day rIL-33/PBS treatment ( F ; scale bars, 20 μm) and quantitative analysis ( G , n = 50). ( H and I ) Flow cytometric plots ( H ) of FOXP3 + CD4 + T cell population in intestines from rescued DSS-treated mice with indicated genotypes after 8-day rIL-33/PBS treatment and quantitative analysis ( I , n = 6). ( J ) Immunoblotting of FOXP3 and JAK1/STAT5 signaling in intestinal CD4 + T cells, respectively, from rescued DSS-treated mice with indicated genotypes after 8-day rIL-33/PBS treatment. The results are shown as the mean ± SEM (ns, nonsignificant; * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001) of triplicate determination from three independent experiments, with statistical significance assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: To further investigate the role of IL-33 in regulating the downstream JAK1/STAT5 signaling pathway and its impact on Treg formation, we intraperitoneally injected 100 μL of recombinant IL-33 protein (rIL-33, HY-P7218, MCE, 10 ng/μL) into both WT and Ccl5 -KO mice daily for 7 days following 2.5% DSS induction, as previous results indicated that IL-33 levels primarily differed on day 4 ( ).

Techniques: Western Blot, Knock-Out, Activity Assay, Staining